MEC多接入边缘计算及关键技术
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3.1 Augmented Reality 增强现实
版权声明: 转载请注明出处 http://www.codingsoho.com/New services become possible when mobile networks supporting high data rates and low latency computation are deployed. One example of such services is Augmented Reality. Augmented reality (AR) is the combination of a view of the real-world environment and supplementary computer-generated sensory input such as sound, video, graphics or GPS data. Augmented reality can enhance the experience of a visitor to a museum or another point of interest. Consider a visitor to a museum, art gallery, city monument, music or sports event, holding their mobile device towards a particular point of interest with the application related to their visit activated (i.e., the museum application). The camera captures the point of interest and the application displays additional information related to what the visitor is viewing.
Augmented reality services require an application to analyse the output from a device's camera and/or a precise location in order to supplement a user's experience when visiting a point of interest by providing additional information to the user about what they are currently experiencing. The application needs to be aware of a user's position and the direction they are facing, either through positioning techniques or through the camera view, or both. After analysing such information, the application can provide additional information in real-time to the user. If the user moves, the information needs to be refreshed. Hosting the Augmented Reality service on a MEC platform instead of in the cloud is advantageous since supplementary information pertaining to a point of interest is highly localised and is often irrelevant beyond the particular point of interest. Figure 3 shows how a MEC platform can be used to provide an Augmented Reality service.
当部署支持高数据速率和低延迟计算的移动网络时,新的服务将成为可能。这种服务的一个例子是增强现实。增强现实(AR)是现实环境视图与计算机辅助生成的感官输入(例如声音,视频,图形或GPS数据)的结合。增强现实可以增强游客参观博物馆或其他景点的体验。考虑博物馆,美术馆,城市纪念碑,音乐或体育赛事的访客,将他们的移动设备移向特定的兴趣点,并激活与他们的访问有关的应用程序(即博物馆应用程序)。摄像头捕获兴趣点,应用程序显示与访客正在观看的内容有关的其他信息。
增强现实服务要求应用程序分析设备相机和/或精确位置的输出,以便通过向用户提供有关他们当前正在体验的附加信息来补充访问点时用户的体验。应用程序需要通过定位技术或通过摄像机视图(或两者)来了解用户的位置及其所面对的方向。在分析了此类信息之后,应用程序可以向用户实时提供其他信息。如果用户移动,则需要刷新信息。在MEC平台上而不是在云中托管增强现实服务是有利的,因为与兴趣点有关的补充信息高度本地化,并且通常与特定兴趣点无关。图3显示了如何使用MEC平台提供增强现实服务。
Figure 3
Additionally, the processing of user location or camera view can be performed on a MEC platform rather than on a more centralized server. There may be a need to update information at a fast rate, depending on how the user moves, and the context in which the augmented reality service is used (e.g. in an art gallery, exhibits are positioned only a few metres apart and each piece is supplemented with additional text on the artist, the interpretation of the artwork, etc.) In other words, augmented reality data requires low latency and a high rate of data processing in order to provide the correct information to the user's device depending on the location and orientation of the user. Performing such data processing on the MEC platform also has the advantage of collecting metrics, anonymized meta-data, etc., in order to analyse the service usage and help to improve the service in order to provide a better user experience.
另外,可以在MEC平台上而不是在更集中的服务器上执行用户位置或摄像机视图的处理。 可能需要快速更新信息,具体取决于用户的移动方式以及使用增强现实服务的环境(例如,在美术馆中,展品之间的距离仅几米, 换句话说,增强现实数据需要低延迟和高数据处理率,以便根据位置和位置为用户的设备提供正确的信息。 用户的方向。 在MEC平台上执行此类数据处理还具有收集度量,匿名化元数据等以便分析服务使用并帮助改善服务以提供更好的用户体验的优势。
增强现实(AR)是指通过实时分析终端摄像头所拍摄的环境影像信息,并基于AR服务器的内容在原有影像上叠加更多虚拟的信息(图像、视频、3D模型呢),使得虚拟信息和真实信息无缝结合,真实环境与虚拟物体在同一画面或同一空间同时存在,给用户带来一种超越现实的感官体验。
增强现实业务需要完成用户摄像头所获取视频数据的上传、AR内容服务器的分析处理以及虚拟信息的叠加、处理后影像数据的传输下载等等,这对网络带宽、传输时延以及处理速度都提出了很高的要求。另外,由于增强显示是本地影像信息上进行虚拟信息的叠加,其业务应用本地化的特性非常明显,因此相比与由云端进行处理的方式,MEC服务器进行本地化分析处理在时延方面的优势明显。MEC服务器上的应用程序负责本地目标对象跟踪、本地增强现实内容缓存以及增强现实内容的叠加处理,缩短了业务的端到端时延,提升了用户体验,同时避免了大流量数据传输对回传带宽的消耗。
如果没有5G,AR/VR行业的痛点在哪儿?
VR/AR产业最大痛点之一就是带宽和延迟问题导致的渲染能力不足,这也阻碍了其在消费领域的大规模放量。
大带宽+低延时,解决VR/AR发展的最大短板。VR/AR是新一代信息技术相互融合的产物,过去的VR/AR产品因为带宽和延时的因素可以导致渲染能力不足、互动体验不强和终端移动性差等痛点问题,一直是遏制行业发展的最大的一块短板。高质量VR/AR业务对带宽、时延要求非常高,例如对于VR来说,要达到非常好的用户体验,需要的带宽要达到1000Mbps以上,延时要达到小于2ms的级别,而对于AR来说要达到不错的用户体验也需要200Mbps带宽以上和5ms以下的延时,这在4G时代是没有办法实现的,唯有5G能满足这样的高速传输能力。
国内厂商华为在5G和VR结合方面走在了产业前列,在今年1月25日重磅发布了5G Cloud VR服务,包括Cloud VR开发套件、华为云Cloud VR连接服务以及Cloud VR开发者社区,将VR运行能力由终端向云端进行转移,以此来推动VR/AR应用在智能手机端的普及。